Does Negative Attack Campaigns have an impact on US Presidential Research Paper

Does Negative Attack Campaigns have an impact on US Presidential Elections - Research Paper Example kinds of negative advertisement, and stands to reason that these different kinds of negative ads will have different effects on the people who view them. Some negative ads simply state that there are policy differences between the two candidates, so these are more compare and contrast. Others are scurrilous attacks – they might be lies, or irrelevant, or both. The types of ads out of the first category will have different effects than the types of ads from the second category, and the research bears this out. However, the research does not necessarily state whether the policy difference ads increases turnout for one candidate or another – the research simply states that these ads increase turnout overall. Moreover, the research indicates that scurrilous or irrelevant attack ads – the kind that do not advance the debate – depresses turnout overall. This study will attempt to discern if the policy type negative ads increases turnout for one candidate over an other, and how these ads makes the electorate view each candidate. This study will also seek to find out if the more scurrilous, mud-slinging type ads depresses turnout, and how these ads make the electorate see candidates. Finally, this study will seek to discover how the public perceives ads which might either be seen as advancing the debate, or scurrilous or irrelevant, and will seek to find out how the public views these ads, how they categorize them, and why. Mark (2006) states that negative campaigns very often depend upon television advertising. However, the negative campaigns are not restricted to television advertisements, stating that the negativity often pervades every aspect of the candidate’s messaging, including candidates’ speeches, debates, press statement and talk show appearances. The Internet also plays a large part in negative campaigning, as Stokes (2006) notes. Specifically, Stokes (2006) points to a smear campaign against Teresa Heinz-Kerry, who is the wife of Senator John

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines Essay

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines - Essay Example This is of course in addition to today’s independent systems. It is important to note that the emphasis in this paper is not on the pilot scheme to be used but rather on whether a pilot system would be necessary. This follows the realization that a typical pilot terminal would cost $150K more compared with a non-pilot terminal. The question in this case is why would someone spend so much on a pilot scheme rather than just take up a non-pilot system which is less costly? The answers to this question serve as the justifications for the pilot scheme. Taylor (1927) says that the pilot scheme come in with additional benefits such as improved resistive coverage, high speed reclosing, and improved sustainability compared with the non-pilot system. In addition, the pilot scheme comes with alternatives to protection including fall back strategies, extensions to Zone 1, and inverse time over current. The pilot system also provides extended considerations mainly used in the determination of the system’s redundancy usually dependent on a number of factors including security, reliability, and dependability. The pilot system is also preferred because of its free interactions with the regulatory issues (Taylor, 1927). The protection of a transmission line has been a unique concept in the sense that, the system’s zone limit will have to separate geographical locations. This is contrary to the concepts in other systems such as buses, capacitors, and transformers. The idea behind the transmission line protection system is the alignment of the system elements and the input devices in one location and provides room for the instantaneous configuration of tripping. With the pilot scheme, this is usually done with very little coordination problems (Kim, 1996). Following the alignment of the system elements and input sources, all terminals will be

The Psychology Underlying The Narrative Strategy English Literature Essay

The Psychology Underlying The Narrative Strategy English Literature Essay Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a great illustration of how different disciplines of education are intertwined. Although this novel is used in many English courses, it could also be used in a Psychology course more specifically, an Abnormal Psychology course. On the surface, Dr. Jekyll is clearly suffering from dissociative identity disorder, more commonly known as a split personality. He alternates between the personalities of himself and his evil half, Mr. Hyde; however, below the surface there is another way this novel relates to Psychology. Dr. Sigmund Freud, a very notorious psychologist from the Victorian Era from which this novel is written, proposed a theory called Psychoanalytic Theory. This theory suggests the notion that the unconscious is split into three dimensions: the ego, the id, and the superego. Each of these dimensions represents one of the main characters in this novel. The narrative strategy in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is effective because it offers the perspectives of the three main characters, Dr. Hastie Lanyon, Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Gabriel Utterson, which stimulates all parts of the unconscious making the novel appealing to all types of people. Dr. Hastie Lanyon represents the ego of the story which Freud describes as the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle (McCann, and Weiten 523). Lanyon is very much a realist. He speaks dismissively of Dr. Jekylls experiments describing them as  unscientific balderdash (Stevenson, 38). Lanyons dominant ego also makes him very skeptical. An instance that shows this characteristic is when he is following instructions to gather the contents of Dr. Jekylls drawer. Upon finding the contents, Dr. Lanyon says, Here were a phial of some tincture, a paper of some salt, and the record of a series of experiments that had led (like too many of Jekylls investigations) to no end of practical usefulness (Stevenson, 73). Dr. Lanyon seriously doubts the value of the work of his former colleague, Dr. Jekyll. His letter which shows his point of view of the events involving Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde shows the cynical side of the story which stimulates the re aders own ego by allowing them to question the plausibility of the events that occur in this mysterious novel. Dr. Jekylls alternate personality, Hyde, represents the id, which according to Freud, is the primitive, instinctive component that operates according to the pleasure principle (McCann, and Weiten 523). Hyde is described as a troglodyte. This is basically defined as a primitive or caveman-like creature. Hyde is described as a short and hideous man that repulses everyone that crosses his path. The id can also be thought of as the devil on your shoulder that gives bad advice just to satisfy the here and now instincts of the unconscious. Evil is always described as inferior to good and the way Dr. Jekylls clothes are too big for Hyde correlates with this outlook. The id has a very powerful negative influence over the unconscious mind just as Hyde is very negatively influential over Dr. Jekylls personality. According to Freud there is always an internal conflict going on inside the unconscious sectors of the mind between the evil id and the good ego. An example of how this conflict arises in the novel is when Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew. This shows how the id, Hyde, overpowers the ego-like, or good, Mr. Carew for no obvious reason other than it was something to do that would please him at that very moment. The perspective of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde presented through the letter at the end of the novel shows the reader how the id can sometimes overpower the rest of the unconscious and can also counter the attitude of the ego or Dr. Lanyon, therefore stimulating the readers id. Mr. Gabriel Utterson represents the last component of the unconscious, the superego. Freud describes this this part as, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong (McCann, and Weiten 523). The superego acts as a mediator between the instinctive urges of the id and the realistic impulses of the ego. Mr. Utterson represents a perfect Victorian gentleman. He is polite and follows societys norms but his persistent investigations show that he cannot ignore the fact that something unnatural is going on with his friend, Dr. Jekyll. Although the three main characters were once best friends, after Dr. Lanyon decided that Dr. Jekylls experiments were too peculiar and later declaring to Mr. Utterson, Jekyll became too fanciful for me. He began to go wrong, wrong in mind (Stevenson, 38), Mr. Utterson became a mutual friend or the mediator between the other two gentlemen. The way the novel is structured, having Mr. Uttersons perspec tive contribute to the bulk of it, is effective because it is a midway point for the reader. It allows the readers own superego to mediate the events that occur regarding Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. It is interesting to see what can be uncovered when different areas of education are applied to one another. Through the research of Dr. Sigmund Freud, one is able to relate the psychology of the unconscious mind to the behaviour, motives, and opinions of the characters Dr. Lanyon, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Utterson in Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This novel is remarkable because the author chose a creative way to narrate so that every person that reads the novel, no matter if they are dominated by their unconscious ego, id, or superego, they will be able to relate to at least one of the main characters. The narration technique of this novel is significant because it stimulates each region of the unconscious mind and allows the reader to separately evaluate the views of each of the three main characters which, in turn, eliminates bias.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

Bradbury ties personal freedom to the right of an individual having the freedom of expression when he utilizes the issue of censorship in Fahrenheit 451. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution reads: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for redress of grievances. The common reading of the First Amendment is that commitment to free speech is not the acceptance of only non-controversial expressions that enjoy general approval. To accept a commitment to the First Amendment means, in the words of Justice Holmes, â€Å"freedom for what we hate.† As quoted in Students’ Right to Read (NCTE, 1982), â€Å"Censorship leaves students with an inadequate and distorted picture of the ideals, values, and problems of their culture. Writers may often be the spokesmen of their culture, or they may stand to the side, attempting to describe and evaluate that culture. Yet, partly because of censorship or the fear of censorship, many writers are ignored or inadequately represented in the public schools, and many are represented in anthologies not by their best work but by their safest or least offensive work.† What are the issues involved in censorship? Imagine that a group wants to ban Fahrenheit 451 because Montag defies authority. For the sake of the argument, assume for a moment that you wish to â€Å"ban† Fahrenheit 451 from the library shelves. To do so, you must do a number of things. First, you must establish why defying authority is wrong. What are its consequences? What are the probable effects on youth to see flagrant disregard of authority? (In regard to these questions, you may want to read Plato’s Apology to get a sense of how to argue the position.) Second, you must have some theory of psychology, either implied or directly stated. That is, you must establish how a reading of Fahrenheit 451 would inspire a student to flagrantly disregard authority. Why is reading bad for a student? How can it be bad? Next, you must establish how a student who reads Fahrenheit 451 will read the book and extract from it a message that says â€Å"Defy Authority Whenever Possible† and then act on this message. You must then reconcile whatever argument you construct with the responsibilities that accompany accepting the rights of the First Amendment.

Theories and goals of education don’t matter a whit if you don’t consider your students to be human beings

The book entitled, A Loss for Words, by Lou Ann Walker, tells the wonderful tale of how a child deals with the disabilities of her parents (Walker 1987).The protagonist of the tale, Lou Ann Walker, narrates her experiences of how she acted as the ears and was the voice for her deaf parents.   While the family setting was warm, loving and typical of most happy families, the challenges that Lou Ann Walker and her parents had to face outside the house constantly challenged their character (Walker 1987).The story revolves around the experiences of Lou Ann Walker who was born in the American Midwest in 1952 and recounts the experiences she has as one of the three daughters who were capable of hearing of Gale and Doris Jean Walker who were both deafened as infants due to illnesses.The inspiring tale of how she served as the â€Å"medium† for interactions for her parents with the outside world.   â€Å"I’d seen plenty of families where there was more communication and les s love, (Walker 1987)† as the author declares when she recalls how warm it was in their home despite the hearing disabilities of her parents.The book is not above the frustrations that people have to deal with when they are outcast and misunderstood and Lou Ann Walker is able to show this through the lighthearted narration of just how crude and condescending the reactions of people were to the plight of her parents.The manner of education that her parents got, while seemingly different for those who are unaware of the circumstances of the hearing impaired, showed just how difficult yet heartwarming it was.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beauty is in the narration of the tale as it seeks to embed itself in the hearts of its readers and finds a way to bring the comfort and warmth of the author’s own family to the reader.References:Walker, Lou Ann (1987) Loss for Words: The Story of Deafness in a Family Harper Perennial ISBN: 0060914254   

Charlemagne: Known as Charles The Great

Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, became the undisputed ruler of Western Europe, â€Å"By the sword and the cross.† As Western Europe was deteriorating Charlemagne was crowned the privilege of being joint king of the Franks in 768 AD. People of Western Europe, excluding the church followers, had all but forgotten the great gifts of education and arts that they had possessed at one time. Charlemagne solidly defeated barbarians and kings in identical fashion during his reign. Using the re-establishment of education and order, Charlemagne was able to save many political rights and restore culture in Western Europe. Charlemagne was born in 742 AD, to a very famous and well-known family. Charlemagne†s grandfather was Charles Martel, the man who was responsible for the defeat of the Saracens. Charlemagne was also the eldest son of Betrade and Pepin the Short, the first to become king of the Franks. With the almost full extinction of schools in the 8th century, many historians say that Charlemagne received very little education, but did learn the art of reading from Bertrade. In 768 AD, Charlemagne at the age of 26, along with his brother Carloman inherited the kingdom of Franks. However, in 771 AD Carloman died, making Charlemagne the sole ruler of the kingdom. At this time the northern part of Europe was out of order and unruly. In the south, the Roman Catholic Church was asserting itself alongside the Lombard kingdom in Italy. While in Charlemagne†s own kingdom, the people were becoming and acting as barbarians and neglecting education and faith. But Charlemagne was determined to make his kingdom as strong as possible. In 772 AD, Charlemagne put forth a 30-year campaign to conquer and Christianize the Saxons in the north. He charged over the Avars, a large tribe on the Danube. He forced the Bavarians to surrender to him. When possible Charlemagne attempted to settle his conflicts peacefully. However, he was forced to use brute in some situations. For instance, Charlemagne offered to pay Desiderius for the return of lands to the pope, but after Desiderius refused, Charlemagne seized the kingdom of Desiderius and restored the Papal States. By 800 AD Charlemagne was the sole ruler of Western Europe. His immense kingdom included what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It also covered half of present-day Italy and Germany, part of Austria, and the Spanish March. This Spanish March stretched to the Ebro River. Through his establishment of a single government over the entire Western Europe, Charlemagne re-established much of the old Roman Empire, which paved the way for the progress of present-day Europe. On Christmas Day in 800 while praying in St. Peter†s Cathedral in Rome, Pope Leo III approached Charlemagne with a golden crown and placed it on the head of the king. The crowd in the church shouted concurrently, â€Å"To Charles the Augustus, crowned by God to be the great and peace-giving emperor of the Romans, life and victory!† Doing this angered the Byzantines because Charlemagne†s prestige and power was equal to the Byzantine emperor. Another problem that arose was that the pope thereafter chose the Roman emperor among the European kings. At the time of Charlemagne†s death in 814 AD only one of his three sons, Louis the Pious was alive. Louis had a weak ruling after his father, which brought on many civil wars and rebellions. As king and emperor, he was very religious and it is said that the role of a monk better suited him than that of the Roman emperor. When Louis the Pious passed away, his three sons broke out in civil war for their father†s empire. In 843, the war ended when Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German signed the Treaty of Verdun. This pact separated the empire into three separate parts for each of Louis the Pious† sons. After the treaty was signed, the kings† power deteriorated and the government became weak. All of Europe was invaded and pirates and barbarians threatened the land. Charlemagne†s empire began to weaken.

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Lyric Poetry of Paul Celan

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Lyric Poetry of Paul Celan If you are writing a literary analysis on Paul Celan and his lyric poetry, consider these facts below: Paul Celan was a German-speaking Romanian of Jewish descent whose original last name of â€Å"Ancel† was altered into â€Å"Celan† for his pen name. After studying medicine in Paris he returned to Romania right as the Second World War took hold. During this time he worked in a labor camp while both of his parents were killed in a concentration camp. He escaped and lived in Vienna and Bucharest before he moved back to Paris. Familiar with six languages and fluent in three of them, he learned German and studied literature after the war. This skill-set enabled him to earn money as a translator. During his work as a translator he translated the works of such people as Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost. The poet lived in France but wrote his poems in German. The first collection of poems was published in 1948 in Vienna and the second, in 1952. Both collections brought a great deal of popularity to the poet whose work captured the dangerous union between visceral human memories, sensual music, and intoxicating stanzas. Perhaps one of the poems for which he is most well-known is that of â€Å"Death Fugue† which is a sonic and dactylic poem spoken by concentration camp inmates. The poet is well regarded for his writing in German, which was his mother tongue, but was also the language of the people responsible for shooting and killing his mother. As a survivor living in France, the feelings that the poet harbored of estrangement from German was what influenced his creation of his own version of the language, a dismantled and re-welded version. It is with this transformation of language that he wrote dark poems which explored the experiences he lived. The poet has received multiple accolades for his work including the 1958 reception of the Bremen Prize for his German literature contributions and the 1960 reception of the Georg Buchner Prize. In spite of his success, the poet suffered heavily from depression his entire life and in 1970 took his own life. In 1942, Paul had gone into hiding even though his two parents decided to remain at home and risk being found by the Nazis. Leaving his parents alone, he temporarily escaped being caught by the Nazis and did escape the horrors of the same concentration camp where his parents were deported and later executed. The poet has unarguable linguistic difficulties which actually posed a challenge for translators. The German language created by the poet is distant from the classical German language of old literature and that of the modern spoken German today. In fact the poet often created his own vocabulary, something more easily done in German where the prefixes and postfixes of the language and the very literal vocabulary in existence, technical and often based on Greek and Latin roots. The basis of the German language in this matter allowed the new composites to form multiple layers similar to commonly heard expressions. The phrase â€Å"hauchdunn† in German means â€Å"paper thin† which is a phrase already commonly used, but a creation used by the poet is that of â€Å"rauchdunn† which is â€Å"smoke thin†. The word â€Å"beamwind† contained in the work of the artist is a word meant to express a powerful cleaning of poetry, a cleaning which gets ride of any false claims made by people who are faking their experiences. This term is what gave rise to another similar word, that of â€Å"noem† which is meant to be a compilation of â€Å"not† and â€Å"poem†, something which expresses those poems which are not actually poems or at least the content of which is not real. As part of this, the poet creates a pun which is not translatable, that of â€Å"meingedicht†. â€Å"Mein† is â€Å"my† and â€Å"gedicht† is â€Å"poem† in German, and from this, the term â€Å"meineid† which is a false oath and â€Å"meinung† which is a personal opinion. The poetry of the writer thus creates the term â€Å"beamwind† as a geological term to refer to the wind based erosion of the false stories of others. The poet was dissatisfied with the modern poets of the time, and he published his â€Å"widerrufe† as a way of disavowing the poets of tradition, those poets whom he did not approve of. It is because of this that he has been deemed a language poet because of the way in which he uses his languages to shape his thoughts, especially in the poem entitled â€Å"Wordcaves†. His poem â€Å"Wordcaves† is a poem which serves to tell the reader how the poet wants to be defined and read. It tells the reader how the poet moved from surrealist writing styles and focused solely on language as a way to chart reality and to say complex things which are challenging to hear in a contemporary fashion. The poems used to make this point fail to conform to the traditionally recognizable modes of poetry such as symbolism and rhyme and avoid the popularly accepted poetic markers that so many people learn as a means of recognizing poetry. It is because of this that the poet’s work evolved in a processual fashion and not a procedural fashion. In the poem â€Å"Wordcaves† the poet suggests that his work of poetry must present the words themselves as a cave, with internal complexities and crevasses. He uses words which paint pictures of prehistoric scenes, so as to afford a multitude of perspectives to his work. Rather than focus on the creation of poems which are entertaining, use rhythmic patterns, celebrate minor pleasures and humanity, and use eloquent language, this poet uses carefully constructed stanzas to demonstrate the sadness of life, to offer nostalgia and retrospection. The poetry crafted by the poet celebrate all manner of topics by way of direct language and metaphysical imagery. Using directness and shortness, the readers gain a sense of intricate imagery tied with deep meaning. The use of direct language allows the poet to display individualist personalities of his works. These facts can be applied in an analytical essay because they tell the reason why Celan’s lyric poetry is like this. Moreover, there are 20 topics on the lyric poetry of Paul Celan and a helpful article on analytical essay writing tips. Don’t forget to check them out! References Brasfield, James. Selected Poems And Prose Of Paul Celan, And: Glottal Stop: 101 Poems By Paul Celan (Review).  Prairie Schooner  77.3 (2003): 174-181. Web. Celan, Paul et al.  Gesammelte Werke In Fünf Bänden. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1983. Print. Celan, Paul, and John Felstiner.  Selected Poems And Prose Of Paul Celan. New York: W.W. Norton, 2001. Print. Celan, Paul, and Michael Hamburger.  Paul Celan. Print. Celan, Paul, and Michael Hamburger.  Paul Celan. New York: Persea Books, 1980. Print. Celan, Paul. Inunhabited: Paul Celan And The Ground Of Translation.  Critical Quarterly  45.3 (2003): 66-75. Web. Glenn, Jerry, Paul Celan, and Michael Hamburger. Poems Of Paul Celan.  World Literature Today64.1 (1990): 108. Web.

Secondary Data and Secondary Analysis - An Overview

Secondary Data and Secondary Analysis - An Overview Within sociology, many researchers collect new data for analytic purposes, but many others rely on secondary data- data collected by somebody else- in order to conduct a new study. When a research uses secondary data, the kind of research they perform on it is called secondary analysis. Key Takeaways: Secondary Data Secondary analysis is a research method which involves analyzing data collected by someone else.A great deal of secondary  data resources and data sets are  available for sociological research, many of which are public and easily accessible.  There are both pros and cons to using secondary data.Researchers can mitigate the cons of using secondary data by learning about the methods used to collect and clean the data in the first place, and by careful usage of it and honest reporting on it. What Is Secondary Analysis? Secondary analysis is the practice of using secondary data in research. As a research method, it saves both time and money and avoids unnecessary duplication of research effort. Secondary analysis is usually contrasted with primary analysis, which is the analysis of primary data independently collected by a researcher. How Do Researchers Obtain Secondary Data? Unlike primary data, which is collected by a researcher herself in order to fulfill a particular research objective, secondary data is data that was collected by other researchers who likely had different research objectives. Sometimes researchers or research organizations share their data with other researchers in order to ensure that its usefulness is maximized. In addition, many government bodies within the U.S. and around the world collect data that they make available for secondary analysis. In many cases, this data is available to the general public, but in some cases, it is only available to approved users. Secondary data can be both quantitative and qualitative in form.  Secondary quantitative data is often available from official government sources and trusted research organizations. In the U.S., the U.S. Census, the General Social Survey, and the American Community Survey are some of the most commonly used secondary data sets within the social sciences. In addition, many researchers make use of data collected and distributed by agencies including the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Education, and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, among many others at federal, state, and local levels. While this information was collected for a wide range of purposes including budget development, policy planning, and city planning, among others, it can also be used as a tool for sociological research. By reviewing and analyzing numerical data, sociologists can often uncover unnoticed patterns of human behavior and large-scale trends within society. Secondary qualitative data is usually found in the form of social artifacts, like newspapers, blogs, diaries, letters, and emails, among other things. Such data is a rich source of information about individuals in society and can provide a great deal of context and detail to sociological analysis. This form of secondary analysis is also called content analysis. Why Conduct Secondary Analysis? Secondary data represents a vast resource to sociologists. It is easy to come by and often free to use. It can include information about very large populations that would be expensive and difficult to obtain otherwise. Additionally, secondary data is available from time periods other than the present day. It is literally impossible to conduct primary research about events, attitudes, styles, or norms that are no longer present in todays world. There are certain disadvantages to secondary data. In some cases, it may be outdated, biased, or improperly obtained. But a trained sociologist should be able to identify and work around or correct for such issues. Validating Secondary Data Before Using It To conduct meaningful secondary analysis, researchers must spend significant time reading and learning about the origins of the data sets. Through careful reading and vetting, researchers can determine: The purpose for which the material was collected or createdThe specific methods used to collect itThe population studied and the validity of the sample capturedThe credentials and credibility of the collector or creatorThe limits of the data set (what information was not requested, collected, or presented)The historic and/or political circumstances surrounding the creation or collection of the material In addition, before using secondary data, a researcher must consider how the data are coded or categorized and how this might influence the outcomes of a secondary data analysis. She should also consider whether the data must be adapted or adjusted in some way prior to her conducting her own analysis. Qualitative data is usually created under known circumstances by named individuals for a particular purpose. This makes it relatively easy to analyze the data with an understanding of biases, gaps, social context,  and other issues. Quantitative data, however, may require more critical analysis. It is not always clear how data was collected, why certain types of data were collected while others were not, or whether any bias was involved in the creation of tools used to collect the data. Polls, questionnaires, and interviews can all be designed to result in pre-determined outcomes. When dealing with biased data, it is absolutely critical that the researcher is aware of the bias, its purpose, and its extent. However, biased data can still be extremely useful, as long as the researchers carefully consider the potential effects of the bias. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Lab Report #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

#2 - Lab Report Example Measurement is an essential aspect mainly utilized in the scientific field to quantify diverse forms of matter. This entails determining the objects’, quantity of matter, volume and their densities (Wilson & Cecilia 242). However, an object’s exact measurement despite one being an expert, accuracy mainly relies on the equipments a person utilizes to take diverse measurements. This is due to the imperfections, which result from the equipments’ errors while a researcher is taking measurements of different types of matter or their parts. Therefore, it is essential for the researcher to have adequate knowledge regarding how to minimize errors via being able to manipulate the readings one attains while measuring. Since this varies across the equipments, where some are complex especially if one lacks proper knowhow regarding particular equipment (Wilson & Cecilia 39). The study’s focus encompasses measurements of diverse objects coupled with determining their l engths, mass, volume and densities. 1. The initial step was to take the readings of a copper wire with the help of a metric ruler. This is by placing the wire on the metric rule, reading the positions of the two sides and estimating the readings to approximately tenth of a millimeter. Then developing four sets of independent measurements to approximately 0.01cm in centimeters by estimating using diverse parts of the meter rule 3. The diameter of the copper wire was measured with the aid of a micrometer caliper where the measurements’ approximation was 0.0001cm. To increase the accuracy of the study, it entailed obtaining six independent recordings in a table. Despite the experiment carried out with high level of keenness to shun any possible errors that may emanate from carelessness or readings’ improper taking, they were inevitable. Mainly, the source of errors in this study that have prompted the results to deviate from the ordinary expected

Management Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Appreciation - Essay Example The individual and team workers making up the functional departments get instructions from the supervisors heading a given task. The supervisors obtain detailed instructions from the department manager concerning the actions to be taken. A Matrix Structure PRESIDENT MANUFACTURING MARKETING PROCUREMENT FINANCE PRODUCT A PRODUCT B PRODUCT C One of a limited public company is Radient Pharmaceuticals Corporation, pharmaceuticals, and Biotechnology Company in the United States. This company operates with a matrix organizational structure. Matrix structure is the commonly used because of its advantages over other structures as argued by Baltes (2004 p.142). This structure works well for those companies operating in a dynamic business environment, like drugs and technological organization. Within Radient Corporation has categorized its personnel into both functional and product departments. A president, who is also the organization’s chief executive officer, heads the company. The ne xt rank of its management structure comprises of functional categories. These include the manufacturing department, finance department, human resource, procurement, research, development, and the marketing department. The next category comprises of product departments. This category is in the same rank with the functional departments. ... The different departments will coordinate their processes together in an effort to accomplish any goal. Within the team, each individual is assigned a distinctive role together with the expected results. Each team ought to complete their task within the given timeframe, after which the team leader will present the report to the relevant department manager. Based on this style of functioning, it is clear that Radient Corporation practices the task culture. The style of operation conforms to the Handy’s task culture, which defines it as a team-based result oriented culture. Matrix structure ensures effective integration of all the human resources of any given institution. It allows all the personnel to share ideas, hence improving performance and service delivery within a company. In matrix structure, the chain of command and lines of communication allows information to flow in a formal manner. This facilitates efficient sharing of information throughout the company. In addition , the task-teams result oriented culture facilitates motivation among the workers. Within a task team, each worker is assigned a role to play. The individual is expected to perform as per the set standards. This culture increases the aspect of accountability, hence increasing motivation and attitude among employees. Giunipero et al (2008) asserts that, business performance associated with Radient Corporation can be attributed to its management structure and work culture. The culture and the structure enhance a flexible working environment, hence improving the process of research and development within the company. One of the major factors that might affect Radient involves restrictions from authorities. This may affect the smooth management of the company, hence

Lean implementation and supply chain development at Oak Hills Case Study

Lean implementation and supply chain development at Oak Hills - Case Study Example The mergers and acquisitions which characterize the company have an implication on the supply chain and thus it is necessary that the company implements strategies which will not impact negatively on the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain. The competition in the market is growing as illustrated by the rise of competitors such as Triangle Corps. The competition is stiff within the market because the two companies deal in the same products and services. The essence of effective supply chain development within Oak Hills is attributed to the fact that the company is in the process of being acquired even though the acquisition process has not been successfully completed. The revenues of the company are expected to rise as the combination of companies is to offer an array of upstream services. Oak Hills is in dire need of improving its supply chain processes in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. The special testing instrument as the main product of the Oaks Hill manufacturing facility requires applying a lean system in ensuring that all of the operations within the supply chain are coordinated. With the headquarters of Oaks Hill being in Houston, it needs to coordinate the activities of all of its branches so that they are integrated into a common business unit. As a result, the special project of the facility in testing oil and gas exploration can achieve its goals and objectives. The most important stakeholder of any supply chain is the customer (Hilletofth and David 264). This means that customers must be given priority consideration in the processing of the activities of a supply chain. Both the external and internal customers of the facility must be given due consideration in the supply of the products so that their needs are met. The effectiveness of a supply chain can only be achieved through the

Pricing of Goods and Services Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Pricing of Goods and Services - Coursework Example The difference between pricing of goods and services are also highlighted and the emphasis is on understanding consumer needs, market trends, quality given and expected, competitor pricing methods used, geographical or local demands, and the resources available that would determine price. Recommendations are provided for more successful approach to marketing and for superior pricing strategies. This project would deal with the efficacy of pricing strategies and how these strategies are made. Pricing strategies are important for companies as they can help companies to successfully use market trends and expectations and set their prices to increase sales and reputation of their products and services. The marketing and business strategies of companies may not always follow strict pricing rules and theories and this may lead to incorrect pricing of products and services which can result in losses. To avoid this situation, companies must realize that their corporate focus could be largely based on pricing and drawing up a strategy for the pricing of goods and services would go a long way in improving company performance. The study here compares two different approaches to pricing drawing out similarities and differences and suggests the different pricing methods that could be most appropriate for different marketing situations. By throwing some light on different pricing method s, the thesis shows the pricing strategies that could be used by companies whether they are simply entering a market or trying to have an edge over competitors. This project differentiates between cost based, competitor based and value based pricing and thus could be a resource for companies that seeks to understand the importance of pricing strategies for marketing and selling of their products and services. This project seeks to provide comprehensive information on pricing methods available and differentiates the pricing strategies that could be used in different marketing situations. In addition, it is focused on how pricing strategies would be applicable for different management situations such as retail, services sector, land development or value based real estate pricing, internet services, healthcare, financing and general business. Here, I will provide analysis and delineate the scope of future work by providing research evidence and suggestions for future development in the area of pricing and the strategies used for pricing services.

The essay talk about the church York Minster, in York, that was build

The talk about the church York Minster, in York, that was build in late middle ages - Essay Example The church’s arch rise heavenward, and the walls, entrances, columns and doors are carved with biblical figures and scenes. Hundreds of smaller churches were constructed using this style, and this popularized the Gothic style of architecture (Scholastic.com). Gothic style was heavily borrowed from an earlier style known as Romanesque. Romanesque architecture had preserved the architectural style of Roman times. The Roman style was slowly changed to meet the needs of the Christian religion, hence, giving rise to the Romanesque architecture. The word Gothic was taken from the Goths, the people who invaded the Roman Empire. The locals perceived the exterior with the entire buttress as unpleasant to look at and claimed that it portrayed the Goths. The Gothic style has three architectural features; the pointed arch, ribbed vault and the flying buttress. The pointed arch is the feature that separates Gothic buildings from the Roman style and Romanesque architecture. In the older Gothic styles, the arch was a rounded figure. The Goth architects did not invent the pointed arch; they borrowed this feature from the Muslim architects of Asia, Southern Europe, and Africa (Scholastic.com). The pointed arch was used after Jerusalem was captured from the Muslims in the first crusade period of 1099. Many crusaders saw the Muslim works of art, and they imitated this style. The European architects used the arch in a different way than the Muslims. The pointed arches presented greater flexibility in interior design. The arches could extend upwards to greater heights allowing a larger distance between the piers and the columns beneath. At the top of the piers, there existed arches that crossed the ceiling and were locked together by a boss stone. These ceilings were known as vaulted or ribbed vaulting. The main plan of the church was separated into bays; each corner had a pillar and from one corner to the other, round arches were built. These round arches

Are decisions made by universities directly affecting students Essay

Are decisions made by universities directly affecting students justiciable - Essay Example The key piece of legislation in NSW in respect to the Judicial Review of University academic decisions is the ADT, it is through this act it allows for unfair publicly decided decisions to be reviewed on the grounds of fairness and legitimacy. In fact this act is based on the commonwealth's, especially the English Legal System's, common law approach. It is not based on the merits of the case rather whether there has been a procedurally fair decision. Therefore if one wants to refer to case law it is best to refer to the binding precedents of case law from the Commonwealth. This will be discussed in the next section. There is one factor that this discussion needs to point out, which is under English Law Higher Education Institutions are legislated so that they are considered public institutions; however in Australia this is not the case so there is the problem of private v's public institutions which will be discussed in further in reference to national law. ... Ultimately, integrity in research requires leadership. If, in the wake of the Hall affair, our universities cannot ensure an enlightened and responsible ethos in their research enterprises they risk a loss of public confidence (Hall v UNSW [2003] NSWSC 669. These rules are a crux to limitations faced by private higher education institutions under Australian National Law, which will be discussed in the following section. Commonwealth System: Dicey's jurisprudential thought is central to the present system of constitutional and administrative law; it deals with the decision making process and the powers of parliament; the government; executive bodies; and the courts. The main theoretical concept that Dicey's theory hinges upon is that parliament is supreme; there is no authority within the British territories or extra-territorially that has more power than parliament. The courts cannot overturn statutes or parliamentary decisions as this would erode parliamentary sovereignty. However not all decisions made in the name of parliament may be legal, because the individual has not acted in accordance with the spirit of parliamentary decision of the statute enacted by parliament. Also executive decisions are delegated through the hierarchy to bureaucratic departments and agencies; as well as human error or bias resulting in unlawful decisions1. To counter this Dicey incorporated the concept of checks and balances into the legal and parliamentary system; whereby the judiciary can hear a case, concerning the decision of an executive body, which may be illegal or a breach of natural law; whereby judicial review is an essential demonstration of Dicey's rule of law which is creating a system

Post-colonial literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Post-colonial literature - Essay Example He grew up in Leeds, England, and read English at Queen's College, Oxford. He is the author of six novels, several books of non-fiction and has written for film, theatre, radio and television. Much of his writing - both fiction and non-fiction - has focused on the legacy of the Atlantic slave trade and its consequences for the African Diaspora. John Maxwell Coetzee, 1940, South African novelist, b. John Michael Coetzee. Educated at the Univ. of Cape Town (M.A. 1963) and the Univ. of Texas (Ph.D. 1969), he taught in the United States and returned home (1983) to become a professor of English literature at Cape Town. He immigrated to Australia in 2002. Several of Coetzee's novels are noted for their eloquent protest against political and social conditions in South Africa, particularly the suffering caused by imperialism, apartheid, and postapartheid violence. His books are also known for their technical virtuosity. Crossing the river has to do with black people fighting for their freedom. It has to do with slavery and the differences between black and white. That is what the book is about of course only the writer creates different situations in each separate story, which makes it more interesting to read, but it also shows the different aspects of 'crossing the river'. In the introduction to the story the so-called 'father' tells the reader about how he sold his three children: Nash, Martha and Travis. (A desperate foolishness. The crops failed. I sold my children.). This statement of the writer has a confusing meaning. Question would arise who is taking Why does someone do such a thing To others it is not acceptable but the explanation of the person delivering this statement can be understood as we go along with this literature. The first story is titled 'The Pagan Coast'. The story is about Nash. Nash Williams is a very loyal slave. His master is Edward Williams and he is a very generous master. Edward Williams, too, is guilt-ridden. At age 29, he inherits his father's estate, including 300 slaves. Concerned to still his conscience, Williams educates them and trains the best and brightest to become missionaries. He also displays an "excess of affection" for his young male slaves, especially to Nash Williams who calls Edward "Father," signing let ters from Liberia, "Your son." (J. Griffin). He made it possible for all his slaves to get an education. There are some slaves who are complaining of for the unfair treatment to them by Williams. This is the reason that most slaves wanted to break free and 'cross the river' is that they were treated so terribly. With Nash it was different. He was treated very well,

Are decisions made by universities directly affecting students Essay

Are decisions made by universities directly affecting students justiciable - Essay Example The key piece of legislation in NSW in respect to the Judicial Review of University academic decisions is the ADT, it is through this act it allows for unfair publicly decided decisions to be reviewed on the grounds of fairness and legitimacy. In fact this act is based on the commonwealth's, especially the English Legal System's, common law approach. It is not based on the merits of the case rather whether there has been a procedurally fair decision. Therefore if one wants to refer to case law it is best to refer to the binding precedents of case law from the Commonwealth. This will be discussed in the next section. There is one factor that this discussion needs to point out, which is under English Law Higher Education Institutions are legislated so that they are considered public institutions; however in Australia this is not the case so there is the problem of private v's public institutions which will be discussed in further in reference to national law. ... Ultimately, integrity in research requires leadership. If, in the wake of the Hall affair, our universities cannot ensure an enlightened and responsible ethos in their research enterprises they risk a loss of public confidence (Hall v UNSW [2003] NSWSC 669. These rules are a crux to limitations faced by private higher education institutions under Australian National Law, which will be discussed in the following section. Commonwealth System: Dicey's jurisprudential thought is central to the present system of constitutional and administrative law; it deals with the decision making process and the powers of parliament; the government; executive bodies; and the courts. The main theoretical concept that Dicey's theory hinges upon is that parliament is supreme; there is no authority within the British territories or extra-territorially that has more power than parliament. The courts cannot overturn statutes or parliamentary decisions as this would erode parliamentary sovereignty. However not all decisions made in the name of parliament may be legal, because the individual has not acted in accordance with the spirit of parliamentary decision of the statute enacted by parliament. Also executive decisions are delegated through the hierarchy to bureaucratic departments and agencies; as well as human error or bias resulting in unlawful decisions1. To counter this Dicey incorporated the concept of checks and balances into the legal and parliamentary system; whereby the judiciary can hear a case, concerning the decision of an executive body, which may be illegal or a breach of natural law; whereby judicial review is an essential demonstration of Dicey's rule of law which is creating a system

System analysis Essay Example for Free

System analysis Essay As system analysts to ensure I. R. C get the job done I am going to introduce the three basic and main steps. These are Input, Process and Output. The first step will be using Inputs such as keyboards, mouse, scanner and many other inputs. The keyboard allows me to input and type text about special features and offers which I can include in the newsletter or the flyer to promote and advertise my business. It allows me to store information about the customers and there order details . The mouse has many features such as allowing me to point and click in a certain column and also editing any mistakes made. The mouse lets me insert images in to the newsletter and also copy any text to add information regarding the image. While creating the business card I inputted my logo using the copy and paste option from the mouse. I inserted text in the newsletter and also some images which showed the customers the quality of our service. I achieved this through the special features of the inputting devices. The process illustrates how I went about creating the newsletter in order to promote I. R. C. I will be using a catalogue wizard in microsoft publisher as a guideline to go about and set up the layout of the newsletter. The text that is already present in the box, I will use as a guideline so that I know what text to insert in the appropriate place. I Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 will first change the layout of the guideline to match the requirements of I. R. C and then edit the appearance of the colours and the text. I will be using the mouse to insert images which have already been saved on to a floppy disk. I will be using word art to highlight special offers and subheadings this will enable me to make these stand out and change the colour, size, font and style of the text to make it more appealing to the readers. Using microsoft publisher I am able to add a special feature in the newsletter which allows me to have the choice of adding a coupon and a box for customer details. The Output such as the monitor and printer shows the newsletter in its early/late stages of development. The monitor will display the newsletter and I will be using the printer to print out the draft of the newsletter. If I am unsatisfied with the result and quality of the newsletter I can then go back and edit the problems. I can then view the corrections made on the monitor and then print it out again. As an option feature I intend to place the newsletter online on I.R. C s website and the speakers act as an output and the speakers can be used to listen to music and sounds on the site developed by flash software. The company will use floppy disks, cd- roms, and portable hard drives to store and backup information. Floppy disks will be used to store general specifications and receipts. The portable hard drives will be used to store customer and payment details as well company software as the portable hard drives have a vast amount of storage space. The PHD (portable hard drive) is a ideal backing up device as in an emergence if Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 I. R. Cs system becomes damaged in some way then you can transfer the work on to the phd. The cd-roms will be used to store back up information from the floppys. To ensure unauthorised access each member of staff will be given a general user name (staff) and separate password which will allow them to access, edit and view customer, payment and specifications details. To increase security and ensure data integrity (data is not deleted by any random user) we will give admin authorization to managers with a separate username and password to have all system which allows them to access and view, add and delete any details regarding customers.

The Child Abuse Prevention Social Work Essay

The Child Abuse Prevention Social Work Essay Abuse is a word that has several connotations associated with it. There is a multitude of ways abuse can be carried out, and its consequences or effects can range in an unlimited number of possibilities. Abusive cases regarding anybody should be taken very seriously and with compassion (when it comes to the victim). However, the abuse of a child, especially in a sexual way, is the most dangerous and horrendous form of abuse and can lead to a cycle of abuse later on. Children are typically defenseless and because they are so young and still developing, it is harder for them to understand what is going on and how to deal with it. In some cases, a child who has been sexually abused will absorb some of these characteristics and even abuse others as they get older because it is how they grew up and all they know. Child sexual abuse is extremely detrimental as it can cause long-term issues for life. For this reason, the group decided to cover the topic of preventing child abuse because prevention is the best cure. Prevention of child abuse has to be the number one step that society takes, so that an innocent life will not be unnecessarily disturbed or in the worst cases, ruined. In my section of child sexual abuse, I define prevention in more than a sentence because there are many techniques for preventing child abuse and there are a number of circumstances where prevention can be applied. Our presentation by topic follows in this order: Types of Abuse, Preconditions for Child Sexual Abuse, Children at Risk, Effects of Child Abuse, Sexual Abuse Trauma, Treatment Programs, and lastly Preventing Sexual Abuse. The first point of my presentation includes defining what prevention is and means in the context of child sexual abuse. When we think about the word prevent, it seems pretty simple: stop something from happening. Preventing child sexual abuse is not always this simple though. Those that abuse children sexually have a disorder and have something seriously wrong with their mental processes. Even if a person has been treated for abusive behavior and appear to be normal, there is always a chance of relapse just like with former drug users. That desire to do what they like to do never fully disappears, no matter how well they have rehabilitated, and this is an unavoidable obstacle for recovery even after prevention. The very best way for preventing child sexual abuse and a future child sexual abuser is by the practice of good parenting or guardianship. Children with responsible and loving guardians are less likely to be abused because their guardians are cautious and protective of them. A child with these circumstances are also vastly less likely to abuse as they get older because they are brought up in a proper environment with good role models to follow. It is a common misconception a child is more likely to be sexually abused by a stranger rather than by a family member or someone trusted by the family. In reality, 30-40% of reported child sexual abuse concerns a family member, and about 50% of sexually abused children are molested by a person the family knows (darkness2light.org). This means that only 10% of children who have been sexually abused are abused by strangers, so it is critical that prevention starts in the home. Another thing to think about is that these statistics only involve reported cases. A child is more likely to reveal information about abuse committed by a stranger than by a parent, relative, or family friend. With that said, the likelihood is probably even higher that a child will be sexually abused by someone they know rather than by a complete stranger. Another reason why it is so important that prevention of child abuse starts in the home by the guardians is because 70% of reported sexual assaults are carried out on individuals seventeen and younger (darkness2light.org). The reason for this of course is that kids under this age are vulnerable and less aware of the dangers people may pose. They also have a harder time understanding why something like this could be happening to them. For all children to have responsible and protective guardians would be to live in a perfect world and this is unfortunately impossible. Sometimes a good environment at home is unrealistic, and extra preventative measures must be taken to stop or at least correct a sexually abusive situation. Society as a whole must come together to create an environment outside of the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nuclear home. If a child is being sexually abused in their home and then come out to an environment with no helpful recourses or information available to them, they stand no chance. That is why it is crucial for places such as schools, hospitals, religious places, or wherever else it may be, to educate children on what is right and wrong as far as how they should be treated. As hard as it may be to understand, children who are abused by their parents or close ones will usually still love them and feel deeply attached, so they will be scared or hesitant to report abuse in fear of disappointmen t, worse treatment, or even abandonment (childabuse.gov). By educating children on the subject and by making them understand that it is not their fault, it is possible to create a place where the child feel comfortable enough to be honest and forward. On top of the places mentioned previously, there are also numerous recourses available specifically designed for preventing and educating when it comes to child sexual abuse. Programs like NCTSN (National Child Traumatic Stress Network) can educate parents on how to prevent their child from being abused and what signs to look for if they have been. Websites such as darkness2light.org has a list of national and local programs that deal with everything from prevention to rehabilitation. By typing in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Child Sexual Abuse Preventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in google one can clearly see that there is no lack of resources out there. There are thousands of programs designed to specifically prevent sexual abuse of a child, and even help restore the lives of those that have been taken away from abuse. There is even a national hotline, 1-800-4-A-CHILD, with operators and counselors committed to helping these victims. From my project research and experience, I became more knowledgeable in the ways sexual abuse of a child can be prevented, and how individuals as well as society as a whole can help children who are already being abused. Sexual abuse, especially on a child, is in my opinion one of the worst and immoral things you can do as a human being. I learned that the people who commit this type of abuse to this demographic are often deranged and have no control over their compulsive desire to commit these atrocities. The very best thing we can do to prevent this type of destruction to a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life is to start with care and preventative measures inside the home and to implicate these measures outside the homes in public places as well. More than anything, I learned that prevention of this is not a simple task. It is almost impossible to protect a child inside their own home with abusive parents, if there is no evidence and the child is silent about the situation. We must all w ork together to put the knowledge out there for children on when they should go for help.

Name: Come live with me and be my love Essay -- English Literature

Name Come live with me and be my love Focus: Marlowe’s use of words in communicating the meaning of the poem and how his poem is a memorable one. The poem â€Å"come live with me and be my love† is a love poem written by Christopher Marlowe, persuading his love to come and spend some time with him. It is a poem full of romantic and passionate words that form natural imagery to convey the poet’s feelings and what he means. By the way the poet uses words to persuade his love, makes the poem similar to the poem, â€Å"To his coy mistress†. In the first stanza, the poet says, â€Å"Come live with me and be my love†. He just says â€Å"come† and does not add â€Å"please† to show her a bit of urgency but in a polite or calm tone. He stresses on the fact that he wants her to come and have a romantic time by saying, â€Å"and be my love†. In the next sentence, â€Å"And we will all the pleasures prove†. Already, he has started saying â€Å"we† to show that he really wants to be with her. He also wants to inform his love that he will give her a nice time when he says, â€Å"All the pleasures prove†. He then continues his sentence with, â€Å"that valleys, groves, hills, and fields woods or steepy mountains yields,† He says this to tell her where he wants them to go which is basically nature places. He uses the nature words to create natural imagery to show a wider imagination. Also he uses nature because already he can feel a sense of freshness and beauty for the two of them. â€Å"And we will sit upon the rocks†. He says it to tell her what he really wants then to do. He uses the word, â€Å"sit† and not â€Å"stand† to show to his love that he wants to spend a long and comfortable time with her. He also shows that he wants them to have a relaxing time as he says,... ... these pleasures may thee move, come live with me and be my love†. In this, persona goes straight to the point telling his love that if all that he has told her is good enough she should just come and stay with him. There is also a feeling of him being desperate when he says in the last line that, â€Å"come live with me and be my love† I think that the poem is made memorable by the way the persona uses natural imagery to relate to his feelings and by the way he uses a very convincing and gentle tone to persuade his love to come and be his love . This twenty line poem is also made memorable by the way the poet uses rhymes to catch the attention of the reader and the way he uses some old fashioned English to draw attention to the reader such as, â€Å"flocks†. That is how the poem, â€Å"come live with me and be my love† written by Christopher Marlowe is made memorable.

Analysis of The Outcasts of Poker Flat by John Oakhurst :: The Outcasts of Poker Flat John Oakhurst Essays

Analysis of The Outcasts of Poker Flat by John Oakhurst John Oakhurst is the main character in â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†. John is an outstanding person and has some phenomenal traits. Such as that he is unusually calm, courageous, and modest. John has shown numerous times in â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†, that he is an extraordinarily calm person. One time in which Mr. Oakhurst showed extreme calmness is when the men come to take him away, and he just took what is coming. That to me shows extreme calmness. Another time when John Oakhurst shoes his trait of calmness is when he has to walk on foot back to Poker Flat to save Piney. John just said that he would try, and off he went. No worries or second thoughts about it. Those two things to me, show that John Oakhurst is a extremely calm person. John, the gambler, is an extremely courageous person. He has proven this by a number of actions in this story. First of all he shows tons of courage by not getting scared when the travelers and him get snowed in. If it where me I probably would have run off like Uncle Billy did. Another example of when Mr. Oakhurst showed courage was when he kicked Uncle Billy to stop him from laughing. Most people would have just told him to stop laughing. But not Mr. Oakhurst, he just gave him a swift kick in the stomach. That to me shows the utmost courage in the world. Another one of John’s traits is that he is overwhelmingly modest. Mr. Oakhurst’s modesty is proven numerous times in this short story by Brett Harte. One of those times is when John puts the death card on the tree, he doesn’t boast about dying while trying to save a life. He simply states that he ran out of luck on a certain day. Another time in which John displayed modesty is when he never boasts of winning all that money during card games.

An Overview of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc. specializes in retail donut market and was founded in 1937 in North Carolina. Today, there are over 400 stores which employ 3,900 employees in 45 states and 4 countries. The company produces about 7.5 million donuts each day. The company is one of the leading producers of donuts and is ranked 4th of the top 100 chains in the U.S. (standing as of 2004). The company owns and franchises Krispy Kreme doughnut shops and sells over 20 different kinds of doughnuts, including its Hot Original Glazed variety. Today, the company faces some significant challenges: Employees are suing the company over mismanagement of retirement funds Changes in eating habits have affected the company†s revenue In May of 2004, the Krispy Kreme stock fell almost 18 % because of changes in dieting habits, particularly the low-carbohydrate phenomenon. The sale of packaged donuts dropped dramatically. The company claimed this was impacting sales but analysts were skeptical because doughnuts are not thought of as â€Å"part of a diet†, any diet. And changes in America†s eating habits, especially the health craze that seems to be the current pattern is likely to impact the sales of sugary and snack foods. Krispy Kreme doughnuts fall into both categories. Changes in senior management always make investors wary. In 2005, Stephen F. Cooper was named CEO replacing Scott A. Livengood, who has retired as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company. He will become a consultant on an interim basis. Steven G. Panagos has been named President and Chief Operating Officer (press release, 2005). The company hopes this change will turn things around. In the company†s own words, â€Å"The Company also announced that the results for its fourth quarter ending January 30, 2005 have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by significant sales declines. For the eight weeks ended December 26, 2004, system wide and Company average weekly sales per factory store have decreased approximately 18% and 25%, respectively, compared to the corresponding weeks of the prior year. The quarter is also being adversely impacted by the substantial costs associated with the legal and regulatory matters previously disclosed. These factors may result in the Company experiencing a loss for the current quarter. KZC will work with the Company to review whether it should take certain operational actions, which could include the consolidation of store locations. Any such actions could result in substantial losses, although it is expected that any restructuring charges largely would be non- cash charges. The system wide average weekly sales per factory store, is a non-GAAP financial measure. System wide sales data include sales at all company and franchise stores. The Company believes system wide sales information is useful in assessing our market share and concept growth (press release, 2005). The company needs to change. One start may be to consider its offerings. Although the company was initially successful by making doughnuts, they may need to expand and also offer customers healthier choices, such as low-fat muffins and bagels. Although this will change the premise of their business it provides an opportunity for the company to gain new customers. Dunkin Donuts has successfully altered their offerings and so can Krispy Kreme. The company also needs to settle their regulatory and legal affairs so that the company†s reputation doesn†t continue to be negatively impacted. Once they have a clean slate, they should issue a press release assuring consumers that Krispy Kreme has dealt with its issues and is back on track. Addressing any quality control issues and consolidating where possible will also lend an air of credibility, especially to stockholders and potential investors. The company needs to put some significant checks and balances in place to prevent any additional financial scandals and prove that the goal of the company is to regain financial stability and profitability. The company also faces increasing competition and needs to set themselves apart. One way could be to develop a â€Å"healthier† doughnut-one that is lower in fat but retains the taste. Basically, the company needs an overhaul and having a new CEO is the best way to start. This is the perfect opportunity to implement change on every front. The biggest challenge facing the company is to make these changes as quickly and efficiently as possible to regain their competitive edge and name in the industry.

Structure and Culture of Small Medium Enterprises

‘The category of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is made up of enterprises which employ fewer than 250 persons and which have an annual turnover not exceeding 50 million euro, and/or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding 43 million euro.’ (Definition, 2011) Above explained is the new definition reconstructed by European Commission based on the developments to business environment. This was published in the year 2005 in their website further talking about the importance of SME’s to the European community in the report they issued. Looking further into how and why SMEs plays a major role in the business environment the report explains that, the 25 million SMEs provides 75 million jobs covering 99% enterprises in 25 European union countries. Nonetheless, SMEs has to face difficulties in capital and other important factors such as investment loans especially during the early stage which makes it less stable and short period existence for these types of businesses. (Introduction, 2011) However, some determined minds working through this field tend to survive the obstacles faced in the early stage and carry on with the other phases. Usually SMEs have less than 250 employees. This small community also has to have an intranet among them to be updated and connected to each another. One of the most common tools is paper based communication. Paper based communication requires plenty of paper, more procedure, and more time, which is less reliable and difficult to manage. It also has its advantage of having long time proof of records. But that is not the basic factor highly prioritized in today’s business world. As alternatives keeps the place tidy and stores the record internally in any hard disk or any software. Most importantly, company records are much safer where there is more IT involved. Though, communication is a basic factor in every business organization, not every company has established the latest technology of communication. Different industries or companies have communication process based on their level. Like, huge companies use modern and efficient and/or costly ways of communication whereas; small and medium enterprises (SMEs) use alternative modes which are cheaper and more procedure involved means of communication. This report is based on SME’s highlighting their ways of communication with their stake holders and most importantly, upon how they can improve the method of communication with lower cost. Instead of complicated communication systems these SMEs also could rely on more efficient ways which is more IT related. Among every possible upgrade the key factor for SMEs would be to analyze and go with the minimal cost plan. Executive Summary The introduction of the report explains about what exactly are SMEs. This highlights upon the business culture and structure also the methods they could apply in order to upgrade the existing techniques for an easier method of communication. Alongside, coming up with low cost upgrades as SMEs would not have huge amount in their turnover, moreover it would not be valuable for them for spend abundantly on communication within the organization. Hence, I have shared some opinions which they could rely on and at the same time which would fix into their budget. The report further gives explanations on how the SMEs could grow in its scale by following some method to aware the customers of its existence. And what other IT related yet cheaper ways in which they could keep records like, stock, daily sales and attendance. As far as record keeping is concern in a business organization, SMEs also needs to maintain daily stock report and sales report in a daily basis in order to avoid stock imbalance. If stock is not handled well as a daily/weekly, at the end of the year, missing stocks would be numerous and mysterious. This is going to be a hard task for the company to investigate specially for SMEs. The options elaborated in the report helps to identify some different techniques which help to standardize the majority of work done within the organization. The methods are been separately explained on how each can be utilized and the outcome result of it. Most of it talks about the efficient and effectiveness brought by using the methods. Like how to computerized the stock report and the result in quick search of a transaction or any stock details. Also methods on how the SMEs can reach their customers by spending the least amount on advertising. Structure and Culture of an SME SMEs are usually sole traders who have no more than 250 employees and less turnover of Rs50 million and below. (Fernando, R. 2003) The organizational behavior within the SMEs is less formal than of a larger organization. There are no specific standard followed by the employees. Where attendance maybe the only effective factor for any employee. These types of businesses are usually referred as bureaucratic organization, where the manager/owner has high authority in decision making in every aspect without any recommendation and knowledge by the staffs. For instance, owner decides how a shift would work; if/whether the interior has to be changed and to recruit more staffs and so on. Also he plays the leadership role in deciding how to contact with the customer. Like, if the purchase bills has to be made or not and if so how; printed receipts or manual. Taking a look at why smaller and medium enterprises have a less formal routine is due to cost cutting, result in manual work with cheaper materials to work and also they do not keep a record of day to day business other than the cash-flow. Cash flow records are also maintained in a log book where the cashier list down the items sold, each one separately till the end of the day. And what if a customer needs the receipt? They get a manual receipt with company stamped and purchase details hand written by the cashier, costing more time work and procedure. Meanwhile, the owner keeps a record of bulk purchase in his logbook noting it down after every purchase. This kind of record keeping is difficult to maintain if they want to find something quickly. Moreover, human errors and easy going behavior of a staff may lead to mysterious results of stock imbalance. The external communication; customer communication is preferably poor in SMEs as they do very less advertisements and direct approach to the customers are almost nil regarding its existence. Most of its customers may not know if they have a new stock or introduce a new brand and so on. To be in contact more with the customers is the only way a business can run successfully. But as I have mentioned earlier that SMEs would not prefer any expensive methods of communicating within its organization, below are some upgrades they could bring on in order to connect with the customers and have more efficient way of communicating within the organization. Additionally, some advanced system to keep record. Improved procedure within the business Method 1 Though it has been a tradition to SMEs to keep paper records, they could switch to more IT based information storage. The owner could purchase sales software which is user friendly and easy to train cashiers and/or related department like stores. The registration of the software can be made annually with an annual payment method based on the license to use it. Thus, stock can be maintained in this specific platform at the same time encoding items can result for easy access. Sales software would not be of high cost as it has to be paid annually and compared to the ease it makes in maintaining the majority of the work. Thus, the SME’s would save much time on stock maintaining in efficient way which is more effective; most importantly, with low cost. Method 2 If sales software is considered as high cost per annum simple spreadsheet documentation can be maintained by help of a Microsoft excel expert. Microsoft excel provides a solution to store and calculate the raw data by customized formulas also with the help of the in-built formulas available in the software itself helps to solve minor calculations. It has the potential to create a spreadsheet of raw data into flowcharts, tables and reports to bring a better understanding. The cells are editable which enables to reenter if any changes have to be made. A sales chart can be made in terms of a day, week, month or a year based on their preference. If a company preferred to list down the sales and the stock details in a daily basis, they could include different days tagged in different tabs. While creating different excel documents for different months. Hence, any record can be searched easily with shortcut keys. Meanwhile the SME can keep a good record also record keeping method would be more efficient. SMEs connecting with customers The reason behind low interaction between SMEs and its’ customer is also is to avoid expenses while running business. Bad assumption of SMEs is that communicating to the customers through advertisements are overheads to the company, in fact the attraction gained by the customers would only cause them to have more trade and eventually more profit. To obtain these, SMEs can integrate with modern and IT related communication system which would cost them a lower rate. Method 1 Not only internet can be used as a tool to market but also mobile advertising can be the best and more direct way of approaching to the customer personally. The company can register corporateSMS service from a local telecommunication centre. It helps to forward the same text message with many recipients at the same time. This service can be used to notify the customers for new stock arrivals and so on. News spreads easily, thus a single text message can reach the news to a family and close friends. Overall another 5-10 people would be aware of the news. This makes the direct communication more useful and effective. Method 2 Online marketing is the leading method in modern community. It has become so common that the SMEs also could hire an UI designer to build a platform for their business on the web. This could provide their information regarding the business and products available. Updating the website helps the customers to be familiar with the present availability. There are many web hosting companies which sometimes charge less than $10 per annum. This is quite very few amounts to spend in order to collect more customer and profit to the business. Method 3 Why spend a cent when you can advertise for free? The organization can created a web page about themselves on social networking sites, most common; the Facebook. Owning a page does not require any payment. Numerous amounts of people can search and go through the page as Facebook is in fact, the top rated social networking site where over billions of active users login almost daily. Hence, the chance of more people viewing the page is high and meanwhile, they get to know about the location, service and products available in the organization. The page can be more attractive if company could share pictures of products to make it more helpful the buyers. The details like, history of the organization, mission/vision/objectives and how the customers can contact can also be also included as more details in the information tab provided. Hence this method of online marketing can help to reach more customers without costing any. Method 4 Apart from advertising to the customer, a proof of purchase is required when a customer makes a transaction. In most SMEs a receipt is not provided unless the customer request for it. Hand written slip with a seal of company is how they usually provide it. In my opinion along with sales software they would be able to link to a POS (point of Sales) centre thus a computer generated receipt can be printed through a receipt printer. This method would help both the customer and company to minimize the time of sales. Recommendation Based on the methods mentioned above, my recommendation on how the SMEs could manage their stock is by using a sales software as this is a computer programmed method the chance of mistakes are less compared to using an excel sheet to write down the records manually. Plus, the purchase bill or receipt can be automatically printed after every sales entry if required which leads to a more reliable and quick sale. Thereby, providing the customer a proof and the system detects a sale been done and automatically adjust the balance amount. In the excel sheet this could also be done using the formulas yet it is not reliable if not well maintained. And in most situations daily maintenance cannot be done since the manual work is larger than the automatic level. In case of the sales software technique the normal selling routine goes parallel with the automatic generating of the stock report. It makes the handling procedure much easier and effective. Talking about the marketing point, since Facebook requires none to create a page in the website, this can be easily done to promote its business. This method is the highest effective way because the website is a well-known platform for almost every region. Hence, people around the world will get to know the company and by chance the SMEs could also grow larger in their business according to the income and time. The second best choice I recommend is to register with corporateSMS and to directly approach for customers. This could be done by introducing a visitors’ book and recording the basic information of the customer like; name, contact and preferred item. While the company receives new stock they could text specific group of people with common interest of item, thus the same message can be delivered in bulk. This kind of advertising is more direct and effective. Conclusion Effective communication is the base of the business. If the communication process is reliable then the company can run smoothly. Running a smooth business requires sufficient ways to overcome any conflicts. Any loop holes has to be fixed; starting with the procedure within the company and how to interact with its stakeholders. If a good policy can be retained then the SMEs would also be a well-established part of the society. Rather, having to discontinue soon after starting the business. The success story comes with strong determination; the willingness of a person is all it counts. The report has been highlighted with few methods to improve the existing nature of the SMEs to produce a better procedure to them for their future. Ways in which they could rely on making more profit by spending a small amount of money. Let me conclude by saying that, in my opinion these methods to upgrade the existing techniques followed by SMEs would help them save more time and minimize errors and mistakes from sales maintaining. SMEs can develop their existing communication process within the organization for an efficient and effective system, where they could easily communicate with its customers also within the business community. The opinions mentioned are of low cost also more efficient and convenient to run a small and medium enterprise for a better communication to the organization.

Oroonko or the Royal Slave Essay

Oroonko or the Royal Slave tells a story about the life of a man captured and sold into slavery and some of the adventures his life encompassed. Oroonko was the grandson to the King of Coramantien. He possessed a very rare and unique magnificence that all admired. Oroonko was brought up learning and living the life of an honorable soldier and prince. He was well educated and well-liked far and wide by all who knew him. Oroonko became acquainted and quickly fell in love with his mentor’s daughter, Imoinda. They soon decided to be joined as husband and wife. According to the customs of their time, Oroonko’s grandfather, the King of Coramantien, was to be allowed the opportunity to bless the union before anything became official. The king had heard of Imoinda’s beauty and instead of blessing their union, the king took Imoinda for himself. This very greatly disgraced Oroonko. With the passing of time, the love Oroonko held in his heart for Imoinda did not fade. He desperately wanted to be with Imoinda and was eventually afforded the chance. The jealous and ever-suspicious king discovered Imoinda and Oroonko together and became very angry. The penalty for treasonous acts, as this was most certainly considered, was death. Oroonko was able to escape, but Imoinda was not. The king, unable to put such a beauty as Imoinda to death, instead sold her to a slave trader to be shipped off to America to become a slave. Death would have been preferable to Imoinda and she begged for it, but the king wanted nothing to do with her any longer. Selling Imoinda into slavery was kept an absolute secret from Oroonko. The king knew if Oroonko ever learned what had really happened to Imoinda, his rage would be unequaled. And so it was assumed by all that Imoinda was, in fact, put to death for her treachery. At this point, the king felt it necessary to make his peace with Oroonko. He realized and wanted to repent of the disgrace he brought upon his grandson. He also felt extremely guilty about his decision to sell Imoinda into slavery, but again, that was not widely known. Oroonko conceded no revenge would be taken on his part against the king. Time passed and in the course of this time Oroonko became a highly decorated and popular war general and hero. Forever longing in his heart for Imoinda, Oroonko resigned to live the life he was born to live – the life of a nobleman. It was to happen after a particularly successful battle, Oroonko came home to a celebration. At this celebration, there was a ship’s captain who was familiar to Oroonko and they spent some time together. Oroonko was aware that this particular captain was a slave trader, but had no reason to distrust him or hold animosity against him. Unjustly so, as it would turn out, since this captain deceived Oroonko into a tour of his ship and then shackled him to the ship and set sail for America to be sold into slavery. The captain continued in his deception while on the voyage and convinced Oroonko that he and his men would be let go at the next port. Oroonko had not encountered dishonesty as was present in the heart of the captain before, so he suspected nothing and trusted the captain to keep his word. When they arrived on land, Oroonko and his men were at once sold to the highest bidder and sent off to be slaves. Oroonko worked for a short while and then heard of a woman of great beauty who was also a slave. He soon found Imoinda and they were married. Oroonko lived as a slave, but was restless to regain his freedom. He frequently spoke to his owner and pleaded for this and was put off time and again for one reason or another. He was given promise after promise or release to no avail. Oroonko soon realized exactly how dishonorable the slave owners were. With only a little effort, Oroonko called together the slaves from all around and when they had gathered, he convinced them they were being treated unfairly and should leave their cruel and uncaring owners to find a better life somewhere else. With his eloquence and affirming manner, Oroonko was able to sway them that even the evils of the wilderness could be overcome with enough conviction and team work. Regardless of the hardships facing a journey of such proportion, losing your life fighting was more honorable than being treated like animals. Unfortunately, the revolt did not take the slaves far. Their trail was easily discovered and it was not long before they were caught and surrendered. The terms of the surrender Oroonko struck with the slave owners who had caught them included fairness and avoidance of retribution or retaliation against the group who had attempted escape. However, disregarding the word given at the surrender, the slave owners marched their slaves back to their respective plantations and they were all punished. Oroonko, however, was taken to a post, tied securely, and severely lashed. There was barely any life left in him when the evil slave owners were finished. Oroonko made up his mind that he would one day seek revenge against such untrustworthy, wicked, and dishonorable men. While the end of the story tells that this plan was not brought to fruition, Oroonko left this world a legend. He held his honor to his dying breath. The story of Oroonko is an excellent anti-slavery argument. Through the story, the reader is allowed a glimpse of a man who could have very easily been from any race or station in life. Oroonko was well educated. He was taken in and taught by the best of the best. Many slave owners, in those days, believed slaves were nothing but unintelligent, low-life heathens, but Oroonko was none of these. Oroonko may not have believed in the same religion or faith as the slave owners, but his beliefs were just as important and essential as theirs. The slave owners judged without considering the differences that existed between their very unique cultures. For example, Oroonko and Imoinda came from a country where wives were expected to give honor to their husbands. Imoinda pleaded with Oroonko to take her life as an alternative to living without him by her side. She considered being killed by someone so noble as Oroonko was far superior than living as a slave. The slave owners and white men would not and did not understand this logic. By their standards, Oroonko was a vile and murderous heathen. Slavery abruptly stole men, women, and children from their place of origin and flung them into a life of degradation and submission. They were required to work for little to nothing by way of payment and treated as no better than dogs. Oroonko spoke of them being whipped at the end of the day. It made no difference if you had done well or poorly, all slaves were whipped. The â€Å"gods† these slave owners prayed to and had faith in was a puzzling deity to Oroonko. His faith in his gods was built on very different standards, and Oroonko believed so strongly in these gods, there was no questioning how others should be treated and how one should conduct themselves in all situations. Everyone deserved to be treated with honor and respect. The faith of the slave owners came into question several times. Oroonko was unable to understand how these people could on any level of decency treat anyone the way the slaves were treated. While it remained unsaid, Oroonko must have certainly felt as though all were created different, but equal. Not all slave owners were cruel in their treatment of slaves. Oroonko befriended several compassionate men along the way. The narrator of the novel happened to be one of these men. While remaining benevolent in spirit, these men did own slaves and were hesitant, if not downright unwilling, to grant them their freedom. None of the men and women sold into slavery deserved the life they were forced to lead. The white men who bought them did not consider the lives they left behind. These were real people with real lives and real customs and real traditions. The religion practiced – on whatever level – by the white slave owners was not the only way to believe. The simple belief they held that they were right did not by any means make that a truth. The Negroes held their own beliefs, and right or wrong according to someone else’s standards, they had every right to believe however they chose. Oroonko was a prince and more than likely more educated than many of the slave owner’s themselves, and yet was treated with contempt and disrespect. With his breeding and the instruction he had received, Oroonko knew in his head and in his heart that treating anyone in such a manner was unreasonable and outrageous. In the end, despite the best efforts of the slave owners, Oroonko died as he had lived with his honor and dignity.

Nasa Safety Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nasa Safety Program - Research Paper Example Space flight deals with space transportation; space tracking and data for tracking space data and finally the space station (NASA, 2010). It is headed by the administrator who is appointed by the president with the consent of the senate. The administrator and their deputy are restricted from performing other duties other those of the NASA. It is a partnership with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the defense department and aviation industry. NASA was created by Daniel S. Goldin in response to a report aired about aviation security and safety in White House Commission. It was part of the Three Pillars for Success and focused on achieving aeronautics and space transportation technology national priorities (NASA, 2010). NASA focusses on making air transport to be the safest mode of transportation in America. It also focuses on decreasing the injuries. It includes research on reduction of accidents and incidents caused by human error, predict and prevent software and mechanical malfunctions and eliminating hazardous weather accidents. They also enable flights to controlled terrains. The program uses information technology to build safer aviation systems for pilots and air traffic controllers. The FAA helps to come up requirements and enact the safety standards while Defense Department shares the technology developments and apply the safety standards on the military aircraft. The central mission of NASA is to advance the state aviation safety (Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board et al, 2008). Safety program examines the total lifecycle of a process or system. They apply professional and skills from engineering, mathematics, physical and other sciences to specify, predict and evaluate the functioning and safety of systems and facilities. To determine these they use the knowledge of a system requirements, design, and planning, activation, construction, disposal and operation phases. They have goals to provide safe systems.

Turner Construction Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Turner Construction Company - Essay Example Turner Construction It was founded in the year 1902 by Henry Chandlee Turner with a start-up capital of $25,000 in New York City and one of its first jobs was to build a concrete vault for the Thrift bank in Brooklyn, value of which was only $600. From those humble beginnings, it started carrying out large scale projects both in the private and government sector throughout America, only pausing during the World Wars, when it diverted its focus in the construction of military camps and other government buildings. Tuner and his family members as well as representatives managed the company for close to 90 years, until 1999, when it was acquired by the German construction company HOCHTIEF Germany for $370 million. With the takeover by Hochtief AG, Turner Construction Company got access to majority of Hochtief’s operations in geographical territories like United Kingdom, Australia, etc., as well as to the clients in the heavy construction field. Thus, it is operating as the subsidiary of HOCHTIEF in o ver 40 countries, employing around â€Å"6,000 internal employees and tens of thousands of subcontractors working on up to 1,500 job sites at any given time in 30 states and multiple countries.† (Whitney 2007).... That is, according to some experts, construction industry comes under the manufacturing sector. As Valence (2010) states, as the construction industry provides services like management, coordination and other finances related activities, it has to be classified as a service industry. However, he (2010) further adds that as it also develops and delivers products like buildings and structures, it can be constituted under the manufacturing sector. Langford and Male (2008) validates this confusion by stating that although it is commonly known as a service industry, it is a misnomer to classify so because it comes up physical products in the form of constructions. However at the same time Langford and Male (2008) provides a balanced stance by stating that given the nature and diversity of activities carried out in the construction industry, it can be classified both as a service as well as manufacturing industry. When the service and manufacturing aspect of Turner is focused, it seems tha t Turner Constructions views itself as the service industry. Because, it is stated to offer â€Å"a broad range of construction services, including general contracting, construction management, project management, design-build, multiple building programs, maintenance services, planning and preconstruction and feasibility studies.† (morgan.experience.com). Although, it offers all the above services to clients in all sectors, however, starting from the recessionary period in 2008, it has restricted itself to focusing on certain sectors. That is, the Turner Construction â€Å"learned a tough lesson in diversification during the late 1980s and 1990s, when commercial contractors suffered from the overbuilding in that sector.† (Wood 2011). So, in